"if the Professor would have addressed the insane man with a female pronouns"
How, exactly, would you ADDRESS someone with a gendered pronoun?
'He' and 'she' are third person. Only a moron addresses others in third person.
You address people in second person. You. Youse, y'all, etc. No gender.
But aside from that, how do you know what to call a person? You ask them their name. Then for the rest of your association with them, you call them by that name.
Unless they get promoted above you, then you shift from, maybe, their first name to their last, or their title, or 'hey, fuckwit.'
So THEY get to control what YOU call them. Or at least have an input, right? Name, nickname, title, pronunciation. A guy on my first boat wsa named ZWYRT. He told his friends it was pronounced "zert." He told officers it was "Smith, sir. Everything's silent."
But, you know, it's their name. So even if you think the 'e' should be silent, or the guy has a girl's name, it's very basic courtesy to grant them that.
If someone asks to be called 'Charles,' and you insist on 'Chuck,' that makes you a bit of an asshole, in fact.
So, while I would not necessarily grant someone the right to choose titles, say if my boss decided he wanted me to call him President Sam, I do think courtesy would grant him control of his name.
I don't see a major problem giving them the right to control their gender. Someone wants to stop being Bruce and become Frieda? More power to him.
If your God has a problem with it, then God can put whatever the fuck he wants in The Book Of Life.