"On the 19th of August we finally left the shores of Brazil.
I thank God, I shall never again visit a slave-country.
To this day, if I hear a distant scream,
it recalls with painful vividness my feelings,
when passing a house near Pernambuco, I heard the
most pitiable moans, and could not but suspect that
some poor slave was being tortured, yet knew that I
was as powerless as a child even to remonstrate.
I suspected that these moans were from a tortured
slave, for I was told that this was the case in
another instance. Near Rio de Janeiro I lived opposite
to an old lady, who kept screws to crush the fingers of
her female slaves.
I have stayed in a house where a
young household mulatto, daily and hourly, was reviled,
beaten, and persecuted enough to break the spirit of the
lowest animal. I have seen a little boy, six or seven years old,
struck thrice with a horse-whip (before I could interfere)
on his naked head, for having handed me a glass of water
not quite clean; I saw his father tremble at a mere glance
from his master's eye.
These latter cruelties were witnessed
by me in a Spanish colony, in which it has always been said
that slaves are better treated than by the Portuguese,
English, or other European nations. I have seen at
Rio de Janeiro a powerful negro afraid to ward off a
blow directed, as he thought, at his face.
I was present when a kind-hearted man was on the point
of separating forever the men, women, and little children
of a large number of families who had long lived together.
I will not even allude to the many heart-sickening atrocities
which I authentically heard of;nor would I have mentioned
the above revolting details, had I not met with several
people, so blinded by the constitutional gaiety of the
negro as to speak of slavery as a tolerable evil.
Such people have generally visited at the houses of the
upper classes, where the domestic slaves are usually
well treated, and they have not, like myself,
lived amongst the lower classes. Such inquirers will ask
slaves about their condition; they forget that the slave
must indeed be dull who does not calculate on the chance
of his answer reaching his master's ears.
It is argued that self-interest will prevent excessive
cruelty; as if self-interest protected our domestic animals,
which are far less likely than degraded slaves to stir
up the rage of their savage masters. It is an argument
long since protested against with noble feeling,
and strikingly exemplified, by the ever-illustrious Humboldt.
It is often attempted to palliate slavery by comparing the
state of slaves with our poorer countrymen: if the misery
of our poor be caused not by the laws of nature,
but by our institutions, great is our sin;
but how this bears on slavery, I cannot see;
as well might the use of the thumb-screw be defended
in one land, by showing that men in another land
suffered from some dreadful disease.
Those who look
tenderly at the slave owner, and with a cold heart
at the slave, never seem to put themselves into the
position of the latter;what a cheerless prospect,
with not even a hope of change! picture to yourself
the chance, ever hanging over you, of your wife and
your little childrenthose objects which nature
urges even the slave to call his ownbeing torn
from you and sold like beasts to the first bidder!
And these deeds are done and palliated by men
who profess to love their neighbours as themselves,
who believe in God, and pray that His Will be done on earth!
It makes one's blood boil, yet heart tremble,
to think that we Englishmen and our American descendants,
with their boastful cry of liberty, have been and are so guilty;
but it is a consolation to reflect, that we at least have made a
greater sacrifice than ever made by any nation, to expiate our sin." -
Charles Darwin, Voyage of the Beagle
